ABSTRACT
Neuromodulation is a kind of technique based on neurocortical repair mechanism, which affects the cerebral cortex by electrical or chemical means directly or indirectly, impacts the activity of neurons, to help the reconstruction of neural network and promote functional recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are the neuromodulation techniques used widely in the rehabilitation of dysphagia in recent years. Neuromodulation intervention strategies for dysphagia can be selected in term of models, electrode placement, frequency, etc., based on the cerebral damage, to excite, inhibit or regulate target cerebral cortex, to improve swallowing function.
ABSTRACT
The methods of conservative surgery for adenomyosis include laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery.Conservative surgery is mainly used for young women with uterine preservation requirements and fertility desire.Laparoscopic conservative surgery for adenomyosis is more recommended for local adenomyosis.Laparoscopic surgery often involves wedgeshaped excision of uterine wall,H-shaped incision of uterine wall,double-flap and triple-flap.There are advantages and disadvantages for various methods of volume reduction surgery.In any treatment,attention should be paid to the therapeutic effect of clinical symptoms,reduction of recurrence after operation,pregnancy outcome and prevention of uterine rupture after operation.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of interferon-alpha combined with saikosaponin on serum T lymphocyte subgroups and hepatic cytokines in mice with immune hepatic injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mice were randomly divided into five groups, i. e., the normal control group, the model group, the interferon group, the saikosaponin group, and the interferon combined saikosaponin group. Corresponding medication was given to mice in respective groups for two days. Peripheral blood was collected 8 and 24 h after concanavalin A (Con A) was injected. Serum lymphocyte subgroups, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) and IL-10, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were detected. Pathological changes of the liver tissue were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the normal control group, serious inflammation and necrosis was significant in the liver tissue of the model group. The serum levels of ALT and AST obviously increased. Meanwhile, the 24-h peripheral blood CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell ratios and the hepatic IL-10 level obviously decreased (P < 0.01). The levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) Compared with the model group, dot and lamellar necrosis was dispersedly seen in the liver tissue in the three medication groups. The serum activities of ALT and AST significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the peripheral blood CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell ratios, as well as the hepatic IL-10 level obviously increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) In the interferon combined saikosaponin group, the 24-h peripheral blood CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell ratios increased more obviously than those of the interferon group. The 8- and 24-h IL-18 levels were obviously lower than those of the interferon group, while the 24-h TNF-alpha level significantly decreased more than that of the interferon group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Interferon-alpha combined saikosaponin could effectively play a role in fighting against the immune hepatic injury.</p>